Mechanism of Anti Apoptosis and Immune Evasion in Drug-Resistant Leukemia Cells Mediated by STAT3 / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mechanisms of anti-apoptosis and immune evasion in drug-resistant leukemia cells mediated by STAT3, further to explore the possible mechanism of leukemia relapse caused by minimal residual.@*METHODS@#Drug-resistance leukemia cell line was established by transfecting pcDNA3.1-STAT3 into K562 cells (K562/STAT3). The expression of STAT3, BAX and NKG2D ligands (MICA and ULBP1) in K562/-cells, K562/STAT3 were detected by Western blot and/or RQ-PCR. Cells apoptosis and the killing effect of NK cells on leukemia cells were detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The expression of the total STAT3, STAT3 phosphorylation in K562/STAT3 was significantly increased, and P-gp mRNA expression was increased also significantly (P<0.005). In K562/STAT3 cells, the expression of pro-apoptotic BAX (P=0.005) was significantly lower, and the number of apoptotic cells (P=0.002) induced by adriamycin was significantly decreased as compared with those in K562/- cells. After K562/STAT3 cells were treated by STAT3 inhibitor (SH-4-54), the expression of BAX mRNA (P=0.017) was significantly higher and the number of apoptotic cells (P=0.005) was significantly increased. The MICA and ULBP1 mRNA expression in K562/STAT3 cells was significantly lower than that in K562/- cells, and also for MICA and ULBP1 protein (MICA and ULPB1 mRNA: P<0.0001, MICA protein: P=0.001, ULPB1 protein: P=0.022). After K562/STAT3 cells were treated with STAT3 inhibitor (SH-4-54), the expression of MICA mRNA and protein was increased (mRNA: P=0.001, protein: P=0.002), but ULBP1 mRNA and protein showed no significantly change (mRNA: P=0.137, protein: P=0.1905). The cytotoxicity of NK cells to K562/STAT3 cells was susceptible as compared with K562/- (P=0.002), but the cytotoxicity of K562/STAT3 cells to NK cell could be recovered by STAT3 inhibitor (P=0.006).@*CONCLUSION@#STAT3 phosphorylation can inhibits cell apoptosis and promotes cell immune escape. STAT3 inhibitors can promote the apoptosis of leukemia cells and increase their sensitivity to NK cells.

Analysis of RUNX1 Gene Mutation in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the mutation of RUNX1 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its correlation with other gene mutations and some clinical parameters.@*METHODS@#The mutations of RUNX1, DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1/2, NPM1, FLT3-ITD and C-KIT in 170 patients with MDS were detected by direct and indirect sequencing of genomic DNA-PCR amplification products.@*RESULTS@#The RUNX1 mutation was found in 23 patients (13.5 %, 23/170). Among the 170 patients, other most frequent mutation was TET2 (11.2%, 19/170), followed by mutations in DNMT3A (9.4%, 16/170), NPM1 (8.2%, 14/170), IDH2 (4.1%, 7/170)、FLT3-ITD (2.9%, 5/170), IDH1 (1.7%, 3/170) and c-KIT (0.58%, 1/170). The most common coexisting mutations were TET2 (5/23). The RUNX1-mutated group showed significantly higher leukocyte levels, higher percentages of blast cells, higher incidences of leukemia transformation and lower platelet counts in comparison with RUNX1 non-mutation group (P＜0.05). whereas there were no statistically significant difference in age, MDS subtype, karyotype and hemoglobin level between 2 groups (P＞0.05). Seventeen patients harboring RUNX1 mutations were followed up and almost 47.05% (8/17) of the patients progressed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The rates of transformation into AML in ASXL1-mutation group was significantly higher than that in ASXLL- non-mutation group (47.05% vs 11.7%) (P=0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of RUNX1 mutation is high in MDS patients. The RUNX1-mutated patients have higher leukocyte level, higher percentages of blast cells, higher incidences of leukemia transformation and lower platelet count.

Guiding value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring index in clinical prevention and treatment of elderly hypertensive population / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To study the application value of dynamic monitoring of blood pressure in the prevention and treatment of elderly hypertension. Methods 519 hypertensive patients from December 2017 to December 2018 were monitored with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and were divided into the elderly group (≥60 years old, 264 cases) and the control group (<60 years old, 255 cases). The results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in two groups were analyzed, which inclued the circadian rhythm of blood pressure, blood pressure, pulse pressure, coefficient of variation of blood pressure, blood pressure load value, average heart rate and morning blood pressure surge. Results The incidence of abnormal circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure in the elderly group was 76.5%. Compared with the control group, there were differences in the indexes of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), diastolic blood pressure load value (DBPLV), pulse pressure (PP), 24 h average heart rate (24 hAHR), systolic blood pressure coefficient of variation (SBPCV), 24 h diastolic blood pressure coefficient of variation (24 h DBPCV) and morning diastolic blood pressure surge (MDBPS) between the two groups(all P<0.05). There were differences in 24 h systolic blood pressure (24hSBP), night systolic blood pressure (nSBP), night diastolic blood pressure (nDBP), night pulse pressure (nPP), day systolic blood pressure load value (dSBPLV), ninght systolic blood pressure load value (nSBPLV), 24 h SBPCV, 24 h dDBPCV and other indicators among different blood pressure types in the elderly group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring indicators have important guiding value for the prevention and treatment of elderly hypertension.

Coexisting Mutations in IDH1/2-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the coexisting mutations in IDH-mutated acute myeloid leukemia(AML) and its relation with partial clinical parametrs.@*METHODS@#The exon 4 mutation of IDH1/2 gene was screened by using genome DNA-PCR combined with sanger sequencing, 51 targeted gene mutations in the patients with IDH1/2 mutation were detected by using high throughput DNA sequencing combined with sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Among 358 patients, the IDH1/2 mutation was found in 46 cases including IDH1 mutation in 35 cases and IDH2 mutation in 11 cases, 97.87%(45/46) patients with IDH1/2 mutation simultaneously carried other gene mutations including 8(17.8%) cases with mutation of double gene, 17(37.8%) cases with mutation of 3 genes and 20(44.4%) cases with mutation of ≥ 4 genes. The mutation frequency of each patient averaged 3.52 times. In mutation of accompanied genes, the common genes were NPM1(n=29, 63.0%), next DNMT3A(n=25, 54.3%), FLT3-ITD(n=7, 15.2%), TET2(n=5, 10.9%) and NRAS(n=5, 10.9%). The average WBC level of patients with NPM1 mutation in IDH1 mutation group was higher than that of patients in wild type group(P<0.05). The complete remission (CR) rate of patients with DNMT3A mutation was significant lower than that of patients with wild type (30% vs 80%, P<0.01). The presence of ≥ 4 mutations was found to be significantly associated with higher white blood level than that in the patients with double mutations(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#More than 95% AML patients with IDH1/2 mutation commonly show additional mutations. The number and the type of IDH coexisting mutations have certain effect on the clinical features and CR rate.

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute kidney injury induced by hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on hemorrhagic shock /resuscitation(HS/R)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in rats,and to explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Wistar rats(n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =8): normal saline control group(NS group), dexmedetomidine group(D group),HS/R group and HS/R+D group.The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after resuscitation.The levels of serum creatinine(Cr)and blood urine nitrogen(BUN)were examined.The kidneys of all rats were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics,and the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured.The expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and hemeoxyge-nase-1(HO-1)was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of Cr, BUN, MDA, TNF-αand IL-1βwere obviously increased in HS/R group, which were obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group,the SOD activity was obviously decreased in HS/R group,which was obviously increased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein expression of NF-κB was obviously increased in HS/R group,which was obviously decreased in HS/R+D group(P<0.05).Compared with NS group, the protein ex-pression of HO-1 was increased in HS/R group.Compared with HS/R group,the protein expression of HO-1 was obviously increased in HS/R+D group.Compared with NS group,HS/R induced marked kidney histological injury,which was less pronounced in HS/R+D group.CONCLUSION:Dexmedetomidine effectively protects rats against AKI caused by HS /R, and its mechanism may be associated with the increase in HO-1 expression and the inhibition of NF-κB expression.

Design and Evaluation of Online/offline Interface Based on Double Loop for Two-dimensional Chromatography / 分析化学

By using a double loop technique based on a set of mechanical transmission components and a flow path system,a double function of injection and fraction collection was realized. On the basis of double loop technique,a novel type of online/offline interface for two-dimensional liquid chromatography was designed to construct an efficient separation system coupling two different separation modes with a higher peak capacity, and the functions of the interface were evaluated. By means of connecting the interface to an HPLC system, the multiple functions of injection, fraction collection and injection again were fulfilled for preparation and purity analysis of 4 kinds of aromatic compounds. As for combination of 2 sets of HPLC system,5 kinds of protein samples were separated preliminarily by strong cation exchange chromatography, and the components difficult to separate were collected and injected into reversed phase chromatographic system for further separation. Furthermore, the interface was applied to coupling two chromatographic systems in both strong cation exchange mode and microcolumn reversed-phase mode for the two-dimensional separation of bovine serum albumin enzymatic digest. When 1 mAU was set as the integral threshold,a total number of 292 peaks were identified. With the help of the online/offline interface, the preparation of microscale samples, fine separation of hardly separated samples and two-dimensional separation of complex samples were achieved flexibly. The result indicated that the system was a potent tool for the construction of two-dimensional chromatographic system and separation research.

Research progress on meridian-guiding theory of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Ancient materia medica and medical formularies were consulted to illustrate the development history of meridian-guiding theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The influences of various meridian-guiding drugs (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, borneol, Bupleuri Radix, Platycodon Radix) on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of other drugs were summarized. Meridian-guiding drugs can promote the absorption and targeted distribution of other drugs and enhance the efficacy of injured tissues. The possible mechanisms of meridian-guiding are related with changing the component of cell membrane, inhibiting the efflux of P-gp, opening physiological barriers, modulating the levels of biochemicals, promoting microcirculation and adjusting the pH of targeted tissues. The chemical components of meridian-guiding drugs are the substance basis of meridian-guiding. The aim of exploring meridian-guiding chemicals is to find a natural targeted delivery system. At the present time, some progress has been made in the research on meridian-guiding field. However, further studies are required for the meridian-guiding theory of TCM.

The predictive value of early indicators for HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with Telbivudine treatment for 104 weeks.

Purpose: Through an observation on HBeAg-positive chronic hepatits B (CHB) patients in Telbivudine (LDT) treatment for 104 weeks, we tried to explore valuable early predictors for HBeAg seroconversion during the treatment. Materials and Methods: A prospective study lasting for 104 weeks was conducted, and the patients enrolled were administered with LDT 600 mg daily. The medical evaluation went every 12 weeks, then the age distribution, baseline ALT level, early HBVDNA, HBsAg and HBeAg levels at baseline, week 12 and 24 as well as the decrease of the three indicators at week 12 and 24 were analyzed for their predictive values for HBeAg seroconversion at week 104. Result: Thirty-three patients fi nished the observation. All patients got ALT normalisation and 28 patients (84.84%) got complete virological response (HBV DNA < 291 copies/ml) at week 104. Poor virological response and virologic breakthrough was observed in two (6.06%) and three patients (9.09%), respectively. Nine patients (27.27%) got HBeAg seroconversion. HBeAg levels and its decrease levels at week 12 and 24 showed signifi cant differences between patients with and without HBeAg seroconversion. And the HBsAg levels at week 12 and 24 showed tendencies of signifi cant differences in two groups. HBeAg level at week 24 was confi rmed related to its longer term seroconversion in regression analysis. The patients with HBeAg level < 2.1 S/CO at week 24 would be more possible to get HBeAg seroconversion at week 104, with sensitivity, specifi city, positive and negative predictive value of 95.83%, 88.89%, 95.8% and 88.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Good effi cacy of long-term LDT treatment in biological and virological response and its advantage in serological response was confi rmed again in our study. The HBeAg level at week 24 showed signifi cant value in prediction for HBeAg seroconversion at week 104 compared to other serological markers in the early period.

Optimization of processing technology for xanthii fructus by UPLC fingerprint technique and contents of toxicity ingredient / 中国中药杂志

The experiment's aim was to optimize the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus which through comparing the difference of UPLC fingerprint and contents of toxicity ingredient in water extract of 16 batches of processed sample. The determination condition of UPLC chromatographic and contents of toxicity ingredient were as follows. UPLC chromatographic: ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acidwater in gradient mode, the flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm. Contents of toxicity ingredient: Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), mobile phase was methanol-0.01 mol x L(-1) sodium dihydrogen phosphate (35: 65), flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), and detection wavelength was 203 nm. The chromatographic fingerprints 16 batches of samples were analyzed in using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic, fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, SPSS16.0 and SIMCA13.0 software, respectively. The similarity degrees of the 16 batches samples were more than 0.97, all the samples were classified into four categories, and the PCA showed that the peak area of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were significantly effect index in fingerprint of processed Xanthii Fructus sample. The outcome of determination showed that the toxicity ingredient contents of all samples reduced significantly after processing. This method can be used in optimizing the processing technology of Xanthii Fructus.

Roles of NKG2D in cytokine-induced killer (CIK) against hematological malignant cells lines / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the CIK cell cytotoxicity to hematological malignant cell lines by interaction NKG2D receptors and corresponding ligands. The CIK cells was expanded from healthy individual with interferon (IFN)γ, CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The subset of lymphocyte and the expression of NK cell receptors on CIK cells was detected by flow cytometry; NKG2D ligand expression on hematological malignant cell lines was also analyzed by flow cytometry, the calcein acetoxymethyl ester (CAM) was used for labeling target cells, then the cytotoxicity of CIK cells to hematological malignant cell lines was detected by flow cytometry. The results showed that most of CIK cells expressed CD3 (97.85 ± 1.95%) , CD3(+)CD8(+) cells and CD3(+)CD56(+) cells increased significantly as compared with un-cultured cells (P < 0.001;P = 0.033). About 86% CIK cells expressed NKG2D receptor but no other NK receptors such as CD158a, CD158b and NCR. Different levels of NKG2D ligands were detected in hematological malignant cell lines U266, K562 and Daudi. CIK cells showed high cytotoxicity to these three different cell lines, and this cytotoxicity was partially blocked by treating CIK cells with anti-NKG2D antibody (U266 52.67 ± 4.63% vs 32.67 ± 4.81%, P = 0.008;K562 71.67 ± 4.91% vs 50.33 ± 4.91%, P = 0.007;Daudi 68.67 ± 5.04 vs 52.67 ± 2.60%, P = 0.024) . It is concluded that most of CIK cells express NKG2D receptor, interaction of NKG2D-NKG2D ligands may be one of the mechanisms, by which CIK cells kill hematological malignant cells.

UPLC fingerprint of xanthii fructus from different habitats / 中国中药杂志

This study was establish an UPLC fingerprint of Xanthii Fructus from different habitats, to provide a comprehensive evaluation for its quality control. UPLC-PDA was adopted to analysis of 26 baches of Xanthii Fructus from different habitats. The chromatographic condition was as follow: ACQUITY BEH C18 Column (2.1 mm x 100 mm,1.7 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid water in gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.25 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was set at 220 nm. The fingerprints of 26 batches Xanthii Fructus were carried out by similarity comparation, cluster and the principal component analysis (PCA). There were nineteen common peaks, nine of which had been identified, and the similarity degrees of the twenty-six batches of the samples were between 0.804 and 0.990. All the samples were classified into six categories, and the PCA value of each fingerprint peak was calculated, and six principal components accounted for over 81. 140% of the total variance were extracted from the original data This method can be used to assess the quality of Xanthii Fructus.

Enhanced cytotoxicity against leukemia cells of natural Killer cells from cord blood after expansion in vitro / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the enhanced cytotoxicity against leukemia cells of natural Killer (NK) cells from cord blood (CB) after expansion in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>NK cells was expanded on a layer of trophoblast cells with irradiated K562-mb15-41BBL cell line for 21 days. The levels of receptors on NK cells were detected by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of expanded NK cells against leukemia cells and specific ligand of immunoglobulin like(Ig- liKe)receptors were assessed using 51Cr released assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no differences of inhibitory receptors expression between fresh NK cells and expanded NK cells [CD158a:(16.77±11.65)% vs(14.37±11.12)%, P>0.05; CD158b: (42.48±18.11)% vs (40.92±19.02)%, P>0.05; NKG2A: (70.20±18.43)% vs (78.90±13.69)%, P>0.05], but higher activated receptors expression on expanded NK cells [NKp30: (54.10±13.27)% vs (4.14±2.05)%, P<0.05; NKp44: (72.10±17.30)% vs (0.52±1.16)%, P<0.05; NKp46: (80.63±14.01)% vs (44.19±6.19)%, P<0.05; NKG2D: (97.50±2.55)% vs (72.25±14.35)%, P<0.05]. Expanded NK cells showed higher cytotoxicity against leuKemia cell lines than fresh NK cells [K562: (74.3±3.6)% vs (55.3±4.2)%, P<0.05; Raji: (60.6±5.0)% vs (12.0±3.6)%, P<0.05]. CD158a⁻ CD158b⁻ NK cells had higher cytotoxicity on four types of target cells, but CD158a⁺CD158b⁻ CB-NK cell had lower cytotoxicity on 221-Cw4 and 221-Cw3Cw4 cells. CD158a⁻ CD158b⁺ CB- NK cells had lower cytotoxicity on 221-Cw3 and 221-Cw3Cw4, but CD158a⁺CD158b⁺ CB-NK cells had higher cytotoxicity on 721- 221 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Expression of activated receptors of expanded NK cells were up-regulated, but no changes of inhibitory receptors. Expanded NK cells showed high cytotoxicity against leukemia cells and kept the specificity of ligand of Ig-like receptors, which could be beneficial to cell-therapy for tumor.</p>

Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on expressions of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 in rats with hepatic fibrosis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis rats, and explore the possible mechanism of PNS's effect against hepatic fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the normal group, the model group, PNS (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) treatment groups and the Col (0.1 mg x kg(-1)) group. Apart from the normal group, all of the remaining groups were subcutaneously injected with CCl4 twice a week for 18 weeks, in order to establish the hepatic fibrosis rat model. Since the 9th weeks, each treatment group was orally administered with corresponding drugs, and the normal group and the model group were orally administered with equal volume of normal saline for 10 weeks. After the end of the experiment, liver and spleen indexes were calculated; the levels of serum ALT and AST were measured by chromatometry. Liver tissues were collected to detect the pathological alteration HE staining; protein expressions of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 were determined with immuninochemistry. Moreover, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 mRNA expressions was detected by RT-PCR technology.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, PNS (100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) significantly mitigated hepatic fibrosis in rats, reduced liver and spleen indexes, ALT and AST contents in serum, and TIMP-1 expression, and notably increased MMP-13 expression in rats with hepatic fibrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>P. notoginseng saponins have certain protective effect in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Its mechanism is related to up-regulating MMP-3, inhibiting TIMP-1 expression and improving collagen degradation.</p>

Analysis of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the prevalence of IDH gene (IDH1 and IDH2) mutations, types of mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), correlation with the internal tandem duplication(ITD) mutation of FLT3 gene, NPM1 gene mutation and some clinical characteristics.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mutations of IDH1 and IDH2 gene at exon 4, NPM1 gene at exon 12 and FLT3-ITD at exon 14 and 15 in 163 newly diagnosed AML patients were detected by PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing of genomic DNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) IDH mutations were found in 25 patients (25/163), and all were heterozygous, of which IDH1 in 7 patients (4.29%) and IDH2 in 18 (11.04%). A total of 4 types of IDH1 mutations were identified (c.395G→A, p.R132H, n = 4; c.394C→A, p.R132S, n = 1; c.394C→G, p.R132G, n = 1; c.315C→T, n = 1). The IDH1 mutation caused substitutions of residue R132 except for one (c.315C→T). All IDH2 mutations caused changes of R140 (c.419G→A, p.R140Q, n = 18). The incidence of IDH2 mutation was significantly higher than that of IDH1 mutation (11.0% v 4.3%, P = 0.022). Both IDH1 and IDH2 mutation were detected in one patient, while IDH1 was synonymous substitution (c.315C→T). IDH-mutated cases showed a significantly higher frequency of concurrent FLT3-ITD mutation compared with wildtype cases (34.6% vs 11.9%, P = 0.003), so did IDH mutations concurrent NPM1 mutation vs NPM1 wildtype (28.1% vs 12.7%, P = 0.033), of which the frequency of concurrent NPM1 and FLT-ITD mutations cases with the IDH mutation was significantly higher than that of NPM1 and FLT-ITD negative (45.5% vs 11.7%, P = 0.002). IDH mutation incidence was significantly higher in normal karyotype cases than in abnormal ones (20.5% vs 5.8%, P = 0.020). Patients with IDH mutations were significantly older than wildtype patients(P < 0.001), whereas, there were no statistically significant differences in gender, peripheral blood (PB) count at diagnosis between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of IDH mutation is higher in patients with de novo AMLs, of which IDH2 mutation more frequently, and the patients associated with older age, normal karyotype at diagnosis. IDH mutation has a strong association with NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations, suggesting that IDH mutation has synergistic effect with the latter gene on leukemogenesis.</p>

Epidemiological study of human brucekkosis in Qian'an county of Hebei province from 2007 to 2010 / 中国地方病学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence and epidemic trend of human brucellosis between 2007 -2010 in Qian'an county,and to provide a basis for future prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiological data of brucellosis between 2007 - 2010 were obtained from the national disease surveillance report on management information system, population data were from the national disease surveillance information management system for basic information reporting system, and descriptive epidemiological methods was used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 86 cases were infected with brucellosis in Qian'an county from 2007 to 2010, with 68 cases of male and 18 cases of female, and male to female ratio was 3.78 : 1. Patients were mainly in the age of 20 - 55, with 40 - ＜ 45 year-old group the highest. All patients were local residents. Most professional were livestock acquisition, processing and aquaculture personnel. The majority of patients lived in Jianchang town,with 51 cases, accounting for 59.30％. Thirteen patients were reported in 2007, incidence was 0.0201‰(13/ 647 983). Thirty-nine patients were reported in 2010, and incidence was 0.0563‰(39/657 380). There was a fluctuations increase from 2007 to 2010. In 2007 brucellosis occurred in only two townships(towns), which spread to eight townships (towns) and urban areas in 2010. ConclusionsThe epidemic of human brucellosis in Qian'an is in a spreading trend. We recommend the government to strengthen the quarantine of livestock, and the infected livestock should be timely treated. Strengthen the prevention and control in Jianchangying. At the same time increase the brucellosis propaganda, and enhance self-protection awareness of the occupational groups.

Management of Gas Gangrene in Wenchuan Earthquake Victims / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Gas gangrene is an emergency condition,which usually develops after injuries or surgery.This study was designed to investigate clinical characteristics,appropriate therapy,and effective control of nosocomial cross-infection of gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake victims.Data on diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of confirmed,suspected,or highly suspected gas gangrene were collected.Sixty-seven (2.41％) cases of suspected gas gangrene were found,in which 32 cases were highly suspected of gas gangrene and 5 cases were confirmed by culture of Clostridium perfringens.Thereof,injury sites were mainly located on the limbs,and typical indications,including crepitation,severe localized pain,swelling,wound discoloration,dark red or black necrotic muscle,foul smell as well as different degrees of systemic toxic performance were common among them.After hospitalization,all patients were isolated and had surgery quickly to remove dead,damaged or infected tissue.The wounds were also exposed for drainage and washed or padded with 3％ liquid hydrogen peroxide for disinfection before all diagnostic test results were available.Additionally,high doses of antibiotics (mainly penicillin) were given for the prevention of infection,and supportive therapy was applied for corresponding symptoms control.Among those cases,no fatality was reported.In summary,in post-disaster emergency relief,the diagnosis of gas gangrene should be primarily based on clinical manifestations; while patient isolation,wound debridement and disinfection,as well as antibiotics treatment,is the main measures for proper treatment and control of nosocomial infection for gas gangrene.

A study of the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the related factors about acute stress responses of the military freshmen,then built a path model among self-efficacy,social support,coping style,state-trait anxiety and acute stress responses.Methods 584 students were tested by General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES),Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS),Coping Styles Questionnaire,State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Acute Stress Response Scale ( ASP S).Results ①The military freshmen in each factor of acute stress response got a lower score,especially the mean score of the changes of cognition was higher (0.21 ±0.21 ),compared with the other factors,and the changes of pathology (0.053 ±0.114) was lower.②There were significant correlations between self-efficacy,social support,positive coping,negative coping,state anxiety,trait anxiety and acute stress responses (P ＜ 0.01 ).③ Negative coping( r=0.130),trait anxiety(r=0.005) and state anxiety(r=0.002) influenced ASR directly,meanwhile,self-efficacy( r =-1.292) influenced ASR through the state anxiety indirectly,self-efficacy ( r=-7.465 ) and social support ( r =-0.294) influenced ASR indirectly through trait anxiety.Conclusion Acute stress responses of the military freshmen were directly influenced by negative coping and state-trait anxiety,and negative coping style was the main reason.

Isolation and identification of a canine coronavirus strain from giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Two giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) died of unknown causes in a Chinese zoo. The clinical disease profile suggested that the pandas may have suffered a viral infection. Therefore, a series of detection including virus isolation, electron microscopy, cytobiological assay, serum neutralization and RT-PCR were used to identify the virus. It was determined that the isolated virus was a canine coronavirus (CCV), on the basis of coronavirus, neutralization by canine anti-CCV serum, and 84.3% to 100% amino acid sequence similarity with CCV. The results suggest that the affected pandas had been infected with CCV.

Cloning and expression of single-chain Fv antibodies against H5N1 Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin / 病毒学报

To construct Fv antibodies against H5N1 Avian influenza virus hemagglutinin,extracted mRNA from B lymphoblastoid cell lines secreting anti-HA antibodies was used and the VH and VL genes were amplified by RT-PCR and linked together by splicing overlap extension (SOE) with (Gly4 Ser)3 linker. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed to E. coli BL21(DE3) and sequence analysis indicated the total length of scFv was 714 bp and the expression of Fv was validated by PAGE and Western blot.

Pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza virus in C57BL/6 mice / 病毒学报

C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally (50 microl) with serial 10-fold dilution of HAB/01 H5N1 virus. Three and five days later, three mice of each group were euthanized. Lung injury was assessed by observation of lung histopathology, virus titers and MCD50 were also measured. Our data showed that H5N1 viral infection in mice resulted in mainly epithelial injury and interstitial pneumonia, featuring significant weight loss, dramatically increased lung wet weight:body weight ratio, inflammatory cellular infiltration, alveolar and interstitial edema, hemorrhage in lungs with high virus titers, and MCD50 was 10(-6.5)/ 0.05 mL. These results suggested that a mouse model of H5N1 viral infection was successfully established which may benefit study of H5N1 avian influenza virus and pathogenic mechanism of host.